Introduction

As E-Bikes and other battery assisted vehicles are becoming increasingly popular in major cities, it is important to maintain electrical safety when designing with high-voltage, lithium-ion batteries. To safely operate such a battery, the discharge current rate and battery voltage level must be monitored. Undervoltage protection is crucial when using lithium-ion batteries because if the battery is discharged below its rated value, the battery will become damaged and potentially pose a safety hazard. In addition to undervoltage protection, it is important to ensure that the battery is discharging a safe current value. Combining undervoltage protection and overcurrent protection will ensure safe operation of the 48-V battery.